Unicyclic graph square-energy conjecture

From papers

Let GG be a unicyclic graph of order nn, and let kk be the odd length of its unique cycle. Unicyclic graph square-energy conjecture.

{s+(G)>n>s(G),k3(mod4),s+(G)<n<s(G),k1(mod4).\begin{cases} s^+(G)>n>s^-(G),&k\equiv3\pmod 4,\\ s^+(G)<n<s^-(G),&k\equiv1\pmod 4. \end{cases}

The conjecture is motivated by an exact calculation for cycles and further computational investigation. The source identifies unicyclic graphs as among the hardest cases for the main square-energy conjecture; no general proof is supplied.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Saieed Akbari, Hitesh Kumar, Bojan Mohar, Shivaramakrishna Pragada and Shengtong Zhang, “Refinement of a conjecture on positive square energy of graphs”, arXiv:2506.07264 (2025).

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