Shallit's factor-complexity conjecture for Thue-Morse-like sequences

Let k1k\geq 1, and let xk\mathbf{x}_k be the Thue-Morse-like sequence obtained from the family described in the source. For a binary sequence, its factor complexity p(n)p(n) is the number of distinct factors of length nn; its first difference is p(n+1)p(n)p(n+1)-p(n). Shallit's factor-complexity conjecture. For sufficiently large nn, the first difference of the factor complexity of xk\mathbf{x}_k takes only the values

4k2and4k.4k-2\quad\text{and}\quad 4k.

This conjecture extends the known cases for the Thue-Morse sequence, the Fibonacci-Thue-Morse sequence, and the Allouche--Johnson sequence. The source gives no resolution, so the conjecture remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Lubomíra Dvořáková, Savinien Kreczman and Edita Pelantová, “On two conjectures of Shallit about Thue-Morse-like sequences”, arXiv:2506.04407 (2025).

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