The conjectural mean value estimate for Weyl sums associated with (n3,n)(n^3,n)

For 0ud10\leq u\leq d-1, define

Ip,d(u;N)=[0,1)×[0,Nu)×[0,1)d2fd(α;N)pdα,\mathcal{I}_{p,d}(u;N)=\int_{[0,1)\times[0,N^{-u})\times[0,1)^{d-2}}|f_d(\boldsymbol{\alpha};N)|^p\,d\boldsymbol{\alpha},

where d2d\geq2, α=(αd,,α1)Rd\boldsymbol{\alpha}=(\alpha_d,\ldots,\alpha_1)\in\mathbb{R}^d, and

fd(α;N)=1nNe(αdnd++α1n).f_d(\boldsymbol{\alpha};N)=\sum_{1\leq n\leq N}e(\alpha_dn^d+\cdots+\alpha_1n).

The conjectural Weyl-sum estimate. For d2d\geq2, 0ud10\leq u\leq d-1, and even pp, one has

[0,Nu)×[0,1)d1fd(α;N)pdαNϵ(Npd(d+1)/2+Np/2u).\int_{[0,N^{-u})\times[0,1)^{d-1}}|f_d(\boldsymbol{\alpha};N)|^p\,d\boldsymbol{\alpha}\ll N^{\epsilon}\left(N^{p-d(d+1)/2}+N^{p/2-u}\right).

In the surrounding discussion, the case d=3d=3 and u=2u=2 is related to the conjectural mean value estimate for Weyl sums associated with (n3,n)(n^3,n), and is stated to remain open; the case u=1u=1 is an intermediate result proved by the paper's corollary. The source does not provide a resolution of the general conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Changkeun Oh and Kiseok Yeon, “An extended Vinogradov's mean value theorem”, arXiv:2506.01751 (2025).

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