Alternant divisibility and Schur-positivity conjecture

Let NN be a positive integer, let P\mathcal{P} be the polynomial ring in variables x1,…,xNx_1,\ldots,x_N, and for α=(α1,…,αN)∈NN\alpha=(\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_N)\in\mathbb{N}^N define

aα=det⁡((xiαj)1≤i,j≤N).a_\alpha=\det\left((x_i^{\alpha_j})_{1\leq i,j\leq N}\right).

Let ρ=(N−1,N−2,…,0)\rho=(N-1,N-2,\ldots,0), so that

a_\rho=\prodnonlimits\limits_{1\leq i<j\leq N}(x_i-x_j).

Alternant divisibility and positivity conjecture. For every α∈NN\alpha\in\mathbb{N}^N, the alternant aαa_\alpha is a multiple of aρa_\rho in P\mathcal{P}. Furthermore, if α1>α2>⋯>αN\alpha_1>\alpha_2>\cdots>\alpha_N, then the polynomial aα/aρa_\alpha/a_\rho has positive, more precisely nonnegative, integer coefficients.

The divisibility follows from the alternating nature of aαa_\alpha and the Vandermonde determinant, while the coefficient-positivity assertion is the substantive part, identifying these quotients with the usual Schur-polynomial phenomenon for strictly decreasing exponent sequences. The source presents the statement as a suspicion, and no resolution is supplied in the given text.

References

Primary source

Darij Grinberg, “An Introduction to Algebraic Combinatorics”, arXiv:2506.00738 (2025).

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