Shenfeld–van Handel's hard Lefschetz kernel conjecture for supercritical collections

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Let XX be a smooth projective variety of dimension nn. For a collection of nef classes L=(L1,…,Ln−2)\mathcal{L}=(L_1,\ldots,L_{n-2}) on XX, assume the supercritical condition

nd⁡(LI)≥∣I∣+2for every I⊂[n−2],\operatorname{nd}(L_I)\geq |I|+2\quad\text{for every }I\subset[n-2],

where LI=∑i∈ILiL_I=\sum_{i\in I}L_i. Let L\mathbb{L} denote the associated hard Lefschetz map, and define

VL,eff⁡=span⁡R{[D]:D∈Prime⁡(X), L⋅[D]=0}.V_{\mathcal{L},\operatorname{eff}}=\operatorname{span}_{\mathbb{R}}\{[D]:D\in\operatorname{Prime}(X),\ \mathbb{L}\cdot[D]=0\}.

Shenfeld–van Handel's conjecture. One has

ker⁡L=VL,eff⁡.\ker\mathbb{L}=V_{\mathcal{L},\operatorname{eff}}.

In particular, L\mathbb{L} is a hard Lefschetz class if and only if L⋅[D]≠0\mathbb{L}\cdot[D]\neq0 for every prime divisor DD on XX. This conjecture extends the characterization of extremal classes for convex polytopes to arbitrary smooth projective varieties through positivity theory; its resolution is not specified in the source.

References

Primary source

Jiajun Hu and Jian Xiao, “Numerical characterization of the hard Lefschetz classes of dimension two, II: supercritical collections of free divisor classes”, arXiv:2505.18729 (2025).

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