Colbourn's conjecture on realizations with three largest equal subsquares

From papers

Let (h1h2hk)(h_1h_2\dots h_k) be a partition with h1h2hk>0h_1\geq h_2\geq\dots\geq h_k>0, and let an RP be a realization of a partition by disjoint subsquares of a Latin square. Colbourn's conjecture. If k3k\geq 3, then an RP(h13h4hk)\operatorname{RP}(h_1^3h_4\dots h_k) exists.

The conjecture concerns partitions whose three largest subsquares have the same size. The cases k=3k=3 and k=4k=4 follow from the known classification of realizations with at most four subsquares, and the cases k{5,6}k\in\{5,6\} were proved by Colbourn; the general case remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tara Kemp and James Lefevre, “Further results on latin squares with disjoint subsquares using rational outline squares”, arXiv:2505.07252 (2025).

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