Degree-sequence and structural invariants conjecture for chromatic symmetric functions of unicyclic graphs

Let G1G_1 and G2G_2 be connected unicyclic graphs, where either each has a 3-cycle and an odd number of vertices, or each has a cc-cycle for some c4c\geq4. Let XG\mathbf{X}_G denote the chromatic symmetric function of a graph GG. Unicyclic graph invariants conjecture. If

XG1=XG2,\mathbf{X}_{G_1}=\mathbf{X}_{G_2},

then G1G_1 and G2G_2 have the same degree sequence, the same number of non-trivial rooted trees, and the same number of internal edges. The conjecture concerns which structural features of connected unicyclic graphs are determined by their chromatic symmetric functions; it had been verified for graphs with n16n\leq16 vertices in the source, while the contrasting 3-cycle examples with an even number of vertices show why the parity restriction is necessary.

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Primary source

Aram Bingham, Lisa Johnston, Colin Lawson, Rosa Orellana, Jianping Pan and Chelsea Sato, “The Chromatic Symmetric Function for Unicyclic Graphs”, arXiv:2505.06486 (2026).

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