Degree-sequence and structural invariants conjecture for chromatic symmetric functions of unicyclic graphs

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Let G1G_1 and G2G_2 be connected unicyclic graphs, where either each has a 3-cycle and an odd number of vertices, or each has a cc-cycle for some c≥4c\geq4. Let XG\mathbf{X}_G denote the chromatic symmetric function of a graph GG. Unicyclic graph invariants conjecture. If

XG1=XG2,\mathbf{X}_{G_1}=\mathbf{X}_{G_2},

then G1G_1 and G2G_2 have the same degree sequence, the same number of non-trivial rooted trees, and the same number of internal edges. The conjecture concerns which structural features of connected unicyclic graphs are determined by their chromatic symmetric functions; it had been verified for graphs with n≤16n\leq16 vertices in the source, while the contrasting 3-cycle examples with an even number of vertices show why the parity restriction is necessary.

References

Primary source

Aram Bingham, Lisa Johnston, Colin Lawson, Rosa Orellana, Jianping Pan and Chelsea Sato, “The Chromatic Symmetric Function for Unicyclic Graphs”, arXiv:2505.06486 (2026).

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