The 1-2 Conjecture for total product-labellings

Let GG be a graph. A total kk-labelling is a map :V(G)E(G){1,,k}\ell:V(G)\cup E(G)\to\{1,\dots,k\}. For each vertex uu, let π(u)\pi_\ell(u) be the product of the labels incident to uu, including the label of uu. The labelling is product-proper when adjacent vertices have distinct products, and χPt(G)\chi^t_{\rm P}(G) is the least kk for which such a total labelling exists. The 1-2 Conjecture (product version). For every graph GG,

χPt(G)2.\chi^t_{\rm P}(G)\leq 2.

The conjecture was considered by Skowronek-Kaziόw; the paper states that it remains widely open, while a general upper bound of 33 is known.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Julien Bensmail, Beatriz Martins and Chaoliang Tang, “1-2 Conjectures for Graphs with Low Degeneracy Properties”, arXiv:2504.21452 (2025).

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