Zabrocki's nonnegativity conjecture for set-partition sums

From papers

For a positive integer mm, let [m]={1,,m}[m]=\{1,\dots,m\}, and let σ\sigma and τ\tau be set partitions of [m][m], with τσ\tau\ge\sigma meaning that every block of σ\sigma is contained in some block of τ\tau. Write (σ)\ell(\sigma) for the number of blocks of σ\sigma, let (λ(τ)1)!(\lambda(\tau)-1)! denote the product of the factorials of one less than the number of elements in each block of τ\tau, and let (λ(σ,τ)1)!(\lambda(\sigma,\tau)-1)! denote the product of the factorials of one less than the number of blocks of σ\sigma contained in each block of τ\tau. Zabrocki's conjecture. For every set partition σ\sigma of [m][m], the numbers

τσ(1)(σ)(τ)((τ)1)!(λ(σ,τ)1)!(λ(τ)1)!\sum_{\tau\ge\sigma}(-1)^{\ell(\sigma)-\ell(\tau)} \frac{(\ell(\tau)-1)!(\lambda(\sigma,\tau)-1)!}{(\lambda(\tau)-1)!}

are nonnegative. This conjecture concerns the sign pattern in the expansion of the x\mathbf{x}-basis in the e\mathbf{e}-basis for symmetric functions in noncommuting variables. Its resolution is not specified in the supplied text.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Victor Wang, “On an alternating sum of factorials and Stirling numbers of the first kind: trees, lattices, and games”, arXiv:2504.21176 (2025).

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