Leibman's conjecture on polynomial subgroups of nilpotent Lie groups

Let (X=G/Γ,μX,T)(X=G/\Gamma,\mu_X,T) be a connected nilsystem, with TT induced by left translation by τG\tau\in G. Write G=G0ΓG=G_0\Gamma, where G0G_0 is the identity component, and write τ=τ0γ1\tau=\tau_0\gamma^{-1} with τ0G0\tau_0\in G_0 and γΓ\gamma\in\Gamma. For αG0\alpha\in G_0, define

gα(n)=(αγ1)nγn.g_\alpha(n)=(\alpha\gamma^{-1})^n\gamma^n.

For essentially distinct integral polynomials p0,,prp_0,\ldots,p_r, let H^\widehat{H} be the subgroup of GrG^r defined in the source by the generated diagonal subgroup and the elements formed from the gα(pi(n))g_\alpha(p_i(n)). Leibman's conjecture. For any dNd\in\mathbb{N},

H^(G0)d=H^d.\widehat{H}\cap (G_0)_d=\widehat{H}_d.

The conjecture is introduced as an ingredient that would imply the paper's other conjectures concerning correlation sequences and recurrence. It is attributed to Leibman, and the source does not state whether it has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Felipe Hernández, “Multiple Polynomial Recurrence in Weyl Systems”, arXiv:2504.19899 (2026).

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