CMI decay at arbitrary temperatures

Let AA, BB, and CC be regions of a quantum system ρβ\rho_\beta, with

ABC=Λ,A\cup B\cup C=\Lambda,

where Λ\Lambda denotes the entire system. For a tripartite state, define the conditional mutual information by

Iρβ(A:CB)=Sρβ(AB)+Sρβ(BC)Sρβ(ABC)Sρβ(B),I_{\rho_\beta}(A:C|B)=S_{\rho_\beta}(AB)+S_{\rho_\beta}(BC)-S_{\rho_\beta}(ABC)-S_{\rho_\beta}(B),

where Sρβ(X)S_{\rho_\beta}(X) is the von Neumann entropy of the reduced state on XX. CMI decay at arbitrary temperatures. For general quantum Gibbs states ρβ\rho_\beta at any temperature β\beta, Iρβ(A:CB)I_{\rho_\beta}(A:C|B) decays rapidly (e.g., super-polynomially) with the distance between the arbitrary regions AA and CC. This is a quantum analogue of the Hammersley–Clifford theorem for classical or commutative Hamiltonians. A conditional version follows under uniform clustering, while the general arbitrary-temperature statement remains an open question.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kohtaro Kato and Tomotaka Kuwahara, “Clustering of Conditional Mutual Information via Quantum Belief-Propagation Channels”, arXiv:2504.02235 (2025).

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