Arsie–Lorenzoni–Moro conjecture on normal forms of conservation-law deformations

Consider a deformation of the Riemann hierarchy

utd=xPd,Pd=ud+1(d+1)!+O(ε)A^u;0,d0,\frac{\partial u}{\partial t_d}=\partial_xP_d,\qquad P_d=\frac{u^{d+1}}{(d+1)!}+O(\varepsilon)\in\widehat{\mathcal A}_{u;0},\qquad d\ge0,

where the flow with respect to t1t_1 is in normal form:

P1=u22+εa(u)vx+k2εkλPk,λi2cλ(u)uλ,P_1=\frac{u^2}{2}+\varepsilon a(u)v_x+\sum_{k\ge2}\varepsilon^k\sum_{\lambda\in\mathcal P_k,\,\lambda_i\ge2}c_\lambda(u)u_\lambda,

with cλ(u)C[[u]]c_\lambda(u)\in\mathbb C[[u]]. Arsie–Lorenzoni–Moro conjecture. If a(u)=0a(u)=0 and c2(u)0c_2(u)\ne0, then cλ(u)=0c_\lambda(u)=0 for every partition λ\lambda with odd λ|\lambda|, so the deformation is even, and the deformation is uniquely determined by the formal power series c2(u),c4(u),c_2(u),c_4(u),\ldots. The conjecture asserts a normal-form classification by the even coefficients; the source gives no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alexandr Buryak and Paolo Rossi, “Deformations of the Riemann hierarchy and the geometry of M_g,n”, arXiv:2504.02079 (2025).

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