Liouville number stratification conjecture

Let RSn\mathbb{R}_{S_n} be the reals at definability level SnS_n, let RSω=nNRSn\mathbb{R}_{S_\omega}=\bigcup_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\mathbb{R}_{S_n}, and let ASn\mathbb{A}_{S_n} and TSn\mathbb{T}_{S_n} denote the algebraic and transcendental numbers at level SnS_n, respectively. A Liouville number is a real number admitting exceptionally strong rational approximations: for every positive integer mm, there exist integers pp and q>1q>1 such that Lpq<1qm\left|L-\frac pq\right|<\frac{1}{q^m}. Liouville number stratification conjecture. All Liouville numbers belong to RSω\mathbb{R}_{S_\omega}; for every nn, there exists a Liouville number LTSn+1TSnL\in\mathbb{T}_{S_{n+1}}\setminus\mathbb{T}_{S_n}; and no Liouville number belongs to any ASn\mathbb{A}_{S_n}. This proposes that Liouville numbers are distributed across the stratified constructive continuum while remaining transcendental at every definability level. The source supplies no resolution evidence, and the conjecture is therefore recorded as open.

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Primary source

Stanislav Semenov, “Axiomatic Foundations of Fractal Analysis and Fractal Number Theory”, arXiv:2504.01862 (2025).

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