The Galois-width conjecture for Gaussian-mixture moment maps

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Let πe,k\pi_{e,k} be the moment map for a kk-component Gaussian mixture model using the first ee moments, and let gw⁡(π)\operatorname{gw}(\pi) denote the Galois width of the corresponding branched cover. For every integer k≥1k\ge 1,

Galois-width conjecture.

gw⁡(π3k−1,k)=deg⁡(π3k−1,k)k!.\operatorname{gw}\left(\pi_{3k-1,k}\right)=\frac{\deg(\pi_{3k-1,k})}{k!}.

The statement refines algebraic identifiability by predicting that the Galois width of the (3k−1)(3k-1)-moment map is its degree divided by the label-swapping factor k!k!. The surrounding discussion says that algebraic identifiability is known, while the related rational-identifiability statement for 3k3k moments remains open; it does not provide a resolution of this Galois-width equality.

References

Primary source

Timothy Duff, “A Galois-Theoretic Complexity Measure for Solving Systems of Algebraic Equations”, arXiv:2503.17884 (2025).

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