The asymptotic Sudoku number conjecture for random cubic graphs

From papers

Let Gn,3\mathcal{G}_{n,3} be the random 33-regular graph on nn vertices, and let s(G)s(G) denote the smallest size of a Sudoku set for a graph GG. Here, a Sudoku set is a vertex subset admitting a partial χ(G)\chi(G)-colouring with a unique extension to a χ(G)\chi(G)-colouring of all of GG. The notation a.a.s. means asymptotically almost surely as nn\to\infty. Random cubic graph Sudoku-number conjecture. A.a.s.,

s(Gn,3)=(1+o(1))n4.s(\mathcal{G}_{n,3})=(1+o(1))\frac{n}{4}.

The paper proves the upper bound s(Gn,3)(1+o(1))n/3s(\mathcal{G}_{n,3})\leq(1+o(1))n/3 a.a.s., while the deterministic lower bound is s(Gn,3)n/4+1/2s(\mathcal{G}_{n,3})\geq\lceil n/4+1/2\rceil. The conjecture asserts that this lower bound is asymptotically sharp and therefore gives the smallest possible asymptotic Sudoku number for cubic graphs on nn vertices, but it remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jack Dippel, Austin Eide, Pawel Pralat and Daniel Willhalm, “Playing Sudoku on random 3-regular graphs”, arXiv:2503.07335 (2025).

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