Baber–Johnson–Talbot triangle-density conjecture for tripartite graphs

Let R={(α,β,γ)[0,1]3:αβ+γ>1,αγ+β>1,βγ+α>1}R=\{(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\in[0,1]^3:\alpha\beta+\gamma>1,\alpha\gamma+\beta>1,\beta\gamma+\alpha>1\}, and let

Δ(α,β,γ)=α2+β2+γ22αβ2αγ2βγ+4αβγ.\Delta(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)=\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2-2\alpha\beta-2\alpha\gamma-2\beta\gamma+4\alpha\beta\gamma.

Define R1={(α,β,γ)R:Δ(α,β,γ)0}R_1=\{(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\in R:\Delta(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\geq 0\} and R2=RR1R_2=R\setminus R_1. Let Tmin(α,β,γ)T_{\min}(\alpha,\beta,\gamma) denote the minimum number of triangles in a tripartite graph with the stated densities, divided by n3n^3. Baber–Johnson–Talbot conjecture. If (α,β,γ)R2(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\in R_2, then

Tmin(α,β,γ)=2αβ(1γ)+2γ2.T_{\min}(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)=2\sqrt{\alpha\beta(1-\gamma)}+2\gamma-2.

The cited Baber–Johnson–Talbot result gives only the corresponding upper bound in the source, so equality remains unresolved there. The formula would determine the minimum triangle density throughout the region R2R_2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Mingyang Guo and Klas Markström, “Density conditions for k vertex-disjoint triangles in tripartite graphs”, arXiv:2503.05218 (2025).

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