Betti-element count distinguishes finite abelian groups via block monoids

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Let GG be a finite abelian group, and let F(G)\mathcal{F}(G) be the free abelian monoid on GG. Define

eval⁡(∏g∈Ggαg)=∑g∈Gαgg\operatorname{eval}\left(\prod_{g\in G}g^{\alpha_g}\right)=\sum_{g\in G}\alpha_g g

and let

B(G)={x∈F(G):eval⁡(x)=0}\mathcal{B}(G)=\left\{x\in\mathcal{F}(G):\operatorname{eval}(x)=0\right\}

be the block monoid on GG. The Betti elements of an affine monoid are the elements whose factorization graph is disconnected. Betti-element count conjecture. Let GG and G′G' be finite abelian groups of order greater than 22. Apart from Z3\mathbb{Z}_3 and Z2⊕Z2\mathbb{Z}_2\oplus\mathbb{Z}_2, if G≇G′G\not\cong G', then the numbers of Betti elements of B(G)\mathcal{B}(G) and B(G′)\mathcal{B}(G') are different. Computations suggest that the number of Betti elements grows rapidly with the size of GG, but the conjectured distinction between all nonisomorphic groups beyond the stated exceptions remains unproved.

References

Primary source

Scott T. Chapman, Pedro García-Sánchez, Christopher O'Neill and Vadim Ponomarenko, “Betti elements and full atomic support in rings and monoids”, arXiv:2502.17895 (2025).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2021–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2101.08826.

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