The PPT-squared conjecture for entanglement-breaking quantum channels

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Let \matrices\matrices denote the matrix algebra in the paper. A linear map ψ:\matrices→\matrices\psi:\matrices\to\matrices is PPT if it is completely positive and completely copositive, meaning that both ψ\psi and (⋅)T⁡∘ψ\operatorname{(\cdot)^T}\circ\psi are completely positive, where transpose is taken with respect to the computational basis of Cd\mathbb{C}^d. A map is entanglement breaking if, for every k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N} and every positive semidefinite ρ∈\matrices⊗Mk\rho\in\matrices\otimes \mathbb{M}_k, the matrix (ψ⊗Id⁡Mk)(ρ)(\psi\otimes\operatorname{Id}_{\mathbb{M}_k})(\rho) is separable. PPT2\mathrm{PPT}^2 conjecture. If ψ,φ:\matrices→\matrices\psi,\varphi:\matrices\to\matrices are PPT, then ψ∘φ\psi\circ\varphi is entanglement breaking. This conjecture concerns whether the composition of any two PPT maps necessarily destroys entanglement, and is a central question in the theory of entanglement-breaking channels.

References

Primary source

Owen Ekblad, “A Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem for Bistochastic Ergodic Quantum Processes with Applications to Entanglement”, arXiv:2502.14997 (2025).

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