The four-squares conjecture for unrestricted unit-power Pell sequences

From papers

Let aa, bb and dd be positive integers such that dd is not a square, let α=a+b2d\alpha=a+b^{2}\sqrt{d} have norm

Nα=a2b4d,N_{\alpha}=a^{2}-b^{4}d,

and let ε=(t+ud)/2\varepsilon=(t+u\sqrt{d})/2 be a unit in OQ(d)\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})}. Define sequences (xk)k=(x_k')_{k=-\infty}^{\infty} and (yk)k=(y_k')_{k=-\infty}^{\infty} by

xk+ykd=αεk.x_k'+y_k'\sqrt{d}=\alpha\varepsilon^k.

Unrestricted-power four-squares conjecture. There are at most four distinct integer squares among the yky_k'. If Nα|N_{\alpha}| is a prime power or a perfect square, then there are at most three distinct integer squares among the yky_k'. This is a proposed strengthening of the even-power sequence conjecture, obtained by allowing all integer powers of the unit; it likewise concerns square values in families of solutions to the generalized Pell equation x2dy2=Nαx^2-dy^2=N_{\alpha}.

Progress summary

Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Paul M Voutier, “Bounds on the number of squares in recurrence sequences: y_0=b^2 (I)”, arXiv:2502.14875 (2025).

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