Infinitely many non-power lengths with universal invertibility of aperiodic necklaces

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Let pp be a positive prime number. An aperiodic necklace of length nn over Σp\Sigma_p is understood in the sense used in the paper, and its weight is taken modulo pp.

Necklace invertibility conjecture. There exist infinitely many nn, different from a power of pp, for which every aperiodic necklace of length nn over Σp\Sigma_p with non-zero weight modulo pp is invertible.

By the preceding corollary, this is equivalent to the assertion that for each prime pp there are infinitely many pp-rooted primes. It is motivated by Artin's conjecture on primitive roots and concerns lengths for which all relevant necklaces, or equivalently the corresponding generalized de Bruijn words, have the required invertibility property.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Gabriele Fici and Estéban Gabory, “Generalized De Bruijn Words, Invertible Necklaces, and the Burrows-Wheeler Transform”, arXiv:2502.12844 (2025).

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