The periodicity and unboundedness conjecture for shifted Hankel determinant sequences

Let nn be a positive integer and let Δj(ℓ)\Delta_j^{(\ell)} denote the jjth term of the Hankel determinant sequence shifted by ℓ\ell. Consider shifts with ℓ≥n+2\ell\geq n+2.

The case ℓ≥n+2\ell\geq n+2. The sequence Δj(n+2)\Delta_j^{(n+2)} is 2n(n+1)2n(n+1)-periodic when nn is even and 2n(n+1)2n(n+1)-antiperiodic, hence 4n(n+1)4n(n+1)-periodic, when nn is odd, and its terms belong only to {−2,−1,0,1,2}\{-2,-1,0,1,2\}, except when n=1n=1, when they belong only to {−1,0,1}\{-1,0,1\}. All sequences Δj(ℓ)\Delta_j^{(\ell)} with ℓ≥n+3\ell\geq n+3 are unbounded.

The statement extends the known periodicity results for shifts through ℓ=n+1\ell=n+1. It is proved for part (1) when n=1n=1, while the general case remains open.

References

Primary source

Guo-Niu Han and Emmanuel Pedon, “Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants for q-deformed metallic numbers”, arXiv:2502.05993 (2026).

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