Caro–Roditty conjecture on zero-sum tree embeddings

Let mk2m \geq k \geq 2 be integers such that kmk \mid m, and let Tm+1T_{m+1} be a tree on n=m+1n=m+1 vertices. Let GG be a graph with minimum degree at least n+k2n+k-2. Caro–Roditty conjecture. Every Zk\mathbb{Z}_k-edge-colouring of GG forces a zero-sum modulo kk copy of TnT_n.

The conjecture would give upper bounds for zero-sum Ramsey numbers of trees, including R(Tn,Zk)n+k1R(T_n,\mathbb{Z}_k)\leq n+k-1; the source explicitly describes it as open. Its implication for the paper's case is the bound R(Tn,Z3)n+2R(T_n,\mathbb{Z}_3)\leq n+2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Yair Caro and Xandru Mifsud, “On zero-sum Ramsey numbers modulo 3”, arXiv:2502.03864 (2026).

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