Li et al.'s density conjecture for connected-flow-critical graphs

Let GG be a connected-flow-critical graph, meaning that GG does not admit a nowhere-zero 33-flow and, for every non-trivial partition P\mathcal{P} of V(G)V(G) whose parts each induce a connected graph, the contraction G/PG/\mathcal{P} admits a nowhere-zero 33-flow. Let n3n_3 denote the number of vertices of degree 33 in GG. Li et al.'s density conjecture. For any connected-flow-critical graph GG on at least seven vertices with n3n_3 vertices of degree 33,

E(G)<5V(G)2+n3.|E(G)|<\frac{5|V(G)|}{2}+n_3.

The conjecture is intended as a density bound for minimal obstructions to nowhere-zero 33-flows and, unlike the preceding weaker bound, would imply Tutte's 33-flow conjecture. The source gives no resolution, so it remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Arnbjörg Soffía Árnadóttir, Zdeněk Dvořák, Bernard Lidický, Benjamin Moore, Evelyne Smith-Roberge and Robert Šámal, “Flow-critical graphs”, arXiv:2502.01451 (2026).

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