The Fermat conjecture inside projective varieties

Let VPmV\subseteq\mathbb P^m be a nonempty closed subscheme over Q\mathbb Q. Say that Fermat holds inside VV if, for every aZm+1a\in\mathbb Z^{m+1} with ai0a_i\neq 0, there is n0Nn_0\in\mathbb N such that the rational points of

XnV:a0x0n++amxmn=0X_n\subseteq V: a_0x_0^n+\dotsb+a_mx_m^n=0

are trivial for all nn0n\geq n_0. Define ZPmZ\subseteq\mathbb P^m by

Z=jijV+(xi2xjxj3).Z=\bigcap_j\bigcup_{i\neq j}V_+(x_i^2x_j-x_j^3).

Fermat conjecture. Fermat holds inside VV if and only if (VZ)(Q)(V\cap Z)(\mathbb Q) is trivial. This gives a proposed characterization of the projective varieties for which the generalized Fermat problem is solvable; the conjecture is presented as open in the paper.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shijie Fan and Rafael von Kanel, “Rational points and rational moduli spaces”, arXiv:2501.17155 (2025).

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