The density hypothesis for the Riemann zeta-function

For 1/2σ<11/2\leq\sigma<1, let N(σ,T)N(\sigma,T) count the zeros ρ\rho of the Riemann zeta-function with Re(ρ)σ\operatorname{Re}(\rho)\geq\sigma and Im(ρ)T|\operatorname{Im}(\rho)|\leq T. Define A(σ)\mathrm{A}(\sigma) as the infimum of fixed exponents AA such that, for infinitesimal δ>0\delta>0 and unbounded TT,

N(σδ,T)TA(1σ)+o(1).N(\sigma-\delta,T)\ll T^{A(1-\sigma)+o(1)}.

Density hypothesis.

A(σ)2\mathrm{A}(\sigma)\leq 2

for all 1/2σ<11/2\leq\sigma<1. This is the standard expected upper bound for the density of zeta zeros to the right of the critical line; the source gives no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Terence Tao, Tim Trudgian and Andrew Yang, “New exponent pairs, zero density estimates, and zero additive energy estimates: a systematic approach”, arXiv:2501.16779 (2025).

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