The conjecture that the even and odd vector-space limits differ

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Let pp be an odd prime and let gg be a natural number. Define

Le=lim⁡k→∞ηg(Fp2k)p2k,Lo=lim⁡k→∞ηg(Fp2k+1)p2k+1.L_e=\lim_{k\to\infty}\frac{\eta_g\left(\mathbb{F}_p^{2k}\right)}{\sqrt{p^{2k}}},\qquad L_o=\lim_{k\to\infty}\frac{\eta_g\left(\mathbb{F}_p^{2k+1}\right)}{\sqrt{p^{2k+1}}}.

Theorem 1 establishes that these limits exist and are positive real numbers. Even–odd limit conjecture. The two limits are distinct:

Le≠Lo.L_e\ne L_o.

The conjecture concerns the dependence of the normalized cardinality of gg-difference sets in finite vector spaces over Fp\mathbb{F}_p on the parity of the dimension. The preceding theorem proves existence and positivity of the two limits, but their inequality remains open in the source.

References

Primary source

Eric Schmutz and Michael Tait, “Cardinalities of g-difference sets”, arXiv:2501.11736 (2025).

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