The conjecture that the even and odd vector-space limits differ

From papers

Let pp be an odd prime and let gg be a natural number. Define

Le=limkηg(Fp2k)p2k,Lo=limkηg(Fp2k+1)p2k+1.L_e=\lim_{k\to\infty}\frac{\eta_g\left(\mathbb{F}_p^{2k}\right)}{\sqrt{p^{2k}}},\qquad L_o=\lim_{k\to\infty}\frac{\eta_g\left(\mathbb{F}_p^{2k+1}\right)}{\sqrt{p^{2k+1}}}.

Theorem 1 establishes that these limits exist and are positive real numbers. Even–odd limit conjecture. The two limits are distinct:

LeLo.L_e\ne L_o.

The conjecture concerns the dependence of the normalized cardinality of gg-difference sets in finite vector spaces over Fp\mathbb{F}_p on the parity of the dimension. The preceding theorem proves existence and positivity of the two limits, but their inequality remains open in the source.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Eric Schmutz and Michael Tait, “Cardinalities of g-difference sets”, arXiv:2501.11736 (2025).

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