Reflection-symmetric Dyck-path wreath conjecture

Let kk be a positive integer. Let Z2k+1\mathbb{Z}_{2k+1} be the integers modulo 2k+12k+1, let Dk\mathcal{D}_{k} be the set of Dyck kk-paths, and let CkC_k denote the kkth Catalan number. For a permutation π\pi of Z2k+1\mathbb{Z}_{2k+1}, let Fπ\mathcal{F}_{\pi} be its associated wreath. For DDkD\in\mathcal{D}_k, let D(R)D^{(R)} be the Dyck path obtained by reflecting DD in the line x=kx=k.

Reflection-symmetric strengthening. There exists a set Π={π1,π2,,πCk}\Pi=\{\pi_1,\pi_2,\ldots,\pi_{C_k}\} of CkC_k permutations of Z2k+1\mathbb{Z}_{2k+1}, each fixing 00, and a bijection φ:ΠDk\varphi:\Pi\to\mathcal{D}_k such that

Z2k+1(k)=i=1CkFπi,\mathbb{Z}_{2k+1}^{(k)}=\bigcup_{i=1}^{C_k}\mathcal{F}_{\pi_i},

and, for any ii and jj, the jjth step of φ(πi)\varphi(\pi_i) is a rise if and only if πi(j){1,2,,k}\pi_i(j)\in\{1,2,\ldots,k\}, and

φ1(D)(j)+φ1(D(R))(j)=0\varphi^{-1}(D)(j)+\varphi^{-1}(D^{(R)})(-j)=0

for every Dyck kk-path DD and every jZ2k+1j\in\mathbb{Z}_{2k+1}.

This is the stronger statement suggested by the authors' search through k4k\leq4. It adds a reflection symmetry relating the permutations paired by reflected Dyck paths; the source gives no proof or resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jan Petr and Pavel Turek, “Intervals in Dyck paths and the wreath conjecture”, arXiv:2501.07277 (2025).

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