Linear bound conjecture for weighted Euclidean-distance equilibria in the plane

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Let A1,…,An∈R2A_1,\ldots,A_n\in\mathbb{R}^2 be points with positive real weights, and consider the associated weighted Euclidean distance function. Its equilibria are the critical points of this function.

Linear weighted-distance conjecture. The number of equilibria of the weighted Euclidean distance function defined by nn points with positive real weights in R2\mathbb{R}^2 is at most some constant times nn.

The conjecture contrasts the potentially quadratic number of cells in planar weighted Voronoi tessellations with the conjectured linear number of equilibria. The supplied text gives no resolution.

References

Primary source

Herbert Edelsbrunner, Christopher Fillmore and Gonçalo Oliveira, “Counting Equilibria of the Electrostatic Potential”, arXiv:2501.05315 (2025).

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