Vertex-multiplication conjecture for the matrix T

Let TT be the 11×1111\times 11 matrix displayed in the paper, and let T~\tilde{T} be any vertex multiplication of TT. Vertex-multiplication conjecture. One should have

λn1(T~)V(T~)13.\frac{\lambda_{n-1}(\tilde{T})}{|V(\tilde{T})|} \ge -\frac{1}{3}.

This conjecture concerns the structured matrices arising from the proposed extremal configurations; the supplied text does not establish it.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Giacomo Leonida and Sida Li, “On graphs with large third eigenvalue”, arXiv:2501.02563 (2026).

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