Conjecture on polygonal extremals in the convex (λ1,μ1)(\lambda_1,\mu_1)-diagram

From papers

Let EC\mathcal{E}^C be the (λ1,μ1)(\lambda_1,\mu_1)-diagram for planar convex domains, with domains normalized to have area 11. Let BB be a ball, let TeT_e be the equilateral triangle of unit area, and write λ1(Ω)\lambda_1(\Omega) and μ1(Ω)\mu_1(\Omega) for the first Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues. For a fixed \ell, consider maximizers of μ1(Ω)\mu_1(\Omega) among convex domains satisfying λ1(Ω)=\lambda_1(\Omega)=\ell and Ω=1|\Omega|=1.

Conjecture on polygonal extremals. Except for the ball, domains on the upper boundary of EC\mathcal{E}^C are polygonal; regular polygons lie on that upper boundary; and there exists x0>λ1(Te)x_0>\lambda_1(T_e) such that: if [λ1(Te),x0)\ell\in[\lambda_1(T_e),x_0), a maximizer is a superequilateral triangle; if (x0,+)\ell\in(x_0,+\infty), a maximizer is a rectangle; and at =x0\ell=x_0, both a rectangle and a superequilateral triangle solve the maximization problem.

These claims are based on numerical experiments with random convex polygons. They propose a detailed description of the upper boundary and its extremal domains, but no proof or resolution is supplied in the text.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ilias Ftouhi and Antoine Henrot, “The diagram (λ_1,μ_1)”, arXiv:2501.02283 (2025).

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