Conjectured eigenvalue monotonicity for a ball with an off-center hole

Let Ωout\Omega_{out} be the ball BR2B_{R_2} in R2\mathbb{R}^{2} of radius R2R_2 centered at the origin, and let Ω(t1,t2)=ΩoutB1(t1,t2)\Omega_{(t_1,t_2)}=\Omega_{out}\setminus B_1(t_1,t_2), where B1(t1,t2)B_1(t_1,t_2) is a unit ball inside Ωout\Omega_{out}. The distance between the centers is the distance from (0,0)(0,0) to (t1,t2)(t_1,t_2).

Ball-hole eigenvalue monotonicity conjecture. The first and second nonzero Steklov eigenvalues σ1(Ω(t1,t2))\sigma_1(\Omega_{(t_1,t_2)}) and σ2(Ω(t1,t2))\sigma_2(\Omega_{(t_1,t_2)}) decrease as the distance between the centers increases. Among all positions of B1(t1,t2)B_1(t_1,t_2) inside BR2B_{R_2}, both eigenvalues attain their maximum when the balls are concentric and their minimum when the inner ball touches the outer ball. The first nonzero mixed Steklov Neumann eigenvalue μ1(Ω(t1,t2))\mu_1(\Omega_{(t_1,t_2)}), with Steklov condition on the outer boundary and Neumann condition on the inner boundary, has multiplicity 22 and decreases as the distance between the centers increases.

These claims are based on numerical observations for doubly connected domains with a ball as outer boundary. Their general validity is not established in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sagar Basak and Sheela Verma, “Bounds for higher Steklov and mixed Steklov Neumann eigenvalues on domains with holes”, arXiv:2412.17124 (2024).

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