Infinitely many bi-normal trajectories near the primaries in the spatial circular restricted three-body problem

Let q(t)=(q1(t),q2(t),q3(t))q(t)=(q_1(t),q_2(t),q_3(t)) be a trajectory in the spatial Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem, in the low-energy range and near the primaries. A trajectory is bi-normal to the xx-axis when there exist times t0<t1t_0<t_1 such that

q2(tj)=q3(tj)=q˙1(tj)=0q_2(t_j)=q_3(t_j)=\dot{q}_1(t_j)=0

for j=0,1j=0,1, with the initial velocity pointing strictly outward from the Earth–Moon axis. Bi-normal trajectory conjecture. Assuming the twist condition, or a variation thereof, there exist infinitely many trajectories bi-normal to the xx-axis in the low-energy range and near the primaries. Such a trajectory starts on the Earth–Moon axis with velocity pointing strictly outward and returns after finite time to satisfy the same condition. This would extend the Poincaré–Birkhoff-type result to chords on the boundary of the relevant Liouville domain; the conjecture remains open in the supplied source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Agustin Moreno and Arthur Limoge, “Bi-normal trajectories in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem”, arXiv:2412.16671 (2025).

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