Littlewood's conjecture in k dimensions

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Let x=(x1,…,xk)∈Rk\mathbf{x}=(x_1,\ldots,x_k)\in\mathbb{R}^k, where k⩾2k\geqslant2. Littlewood's conjecture in kk dimensions.

lim inf⁡n→∞n∥nx1∥⋯∥nxk∥=0.\liminf_{n\to\infty}n\|nx_1\|\cdots\|nx_k\|=0.

This is the multiplicative form of simultaneous Diophantine approximation. Gallagher's theorem establishes the corresponding approximation rate for almost every vector, while the assertion for every vector remains open for k⩾2k\geqslant2.

References

Primary source

Sam Chow and Han Yu, “Simultaneous and multiplicative Diophantine approximation on missing-digit fractals”, arXiv:2412.12070 (2025).

Additional references

16 papers in this index state this conjecture (2004–2024). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2409.17006, arXiv:2207.13462, arXiv:2203.10380, arXiv:2202.01596, arXiv:2010.03811, arXiv:2005.11947, arXiv:1902.06081, arXiv:1711.08288, arXiv:1610.03900, arXiv:1601.01948, arXiv:1101.3945, arXiv:1007.1848, and 3 more.

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