Littlewood's conjecture in k dimensions

Let x=(x1,,xk)Rk\mathbf{x}=(x_1,\ldots,x_k)\in\mathbb{R}^k, where k2k\geqslant2. Littlewood's conjecture in kk dimensions.

lim infnnnx1nxk=0.\liminf_{n\to\infty}n\|nx_1\|\cdots\|nx_k\|=0.

This is the multiplicative form of simultaneous Diophantine approximation. Gallagher's theorem establishes the corresponding approximation rate for almost every vector, while the assertion for every vector remains open for k2k\geqslant2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sam Chow and Han Yu, “Simultaneous and multiplicative Diophantine approximation on missing-digit fractals”, arXiv:2412.12070 (2025).

Additional references

16 papers in this index state this conjecture (2004–2024). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2409.17006, arXiv:2207.13462, arXiv:2203.10380, arXiv:2202.01596, arXiv:2010.03811, arXiv:2005.11947, arXiv:1902.06081, arXiv:1711.08288, arXiv:1610.03900, arXiv:1601.01948, arXiv:1101.3945, arXiv:1007.1848, and 3 more.

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