Unbounded hardness conjecture for unknot diagrams
Unbounded hardness conjecture for unknot diagrams
Let be an integer and let be the -crossing diagram of the unknot. A diagram of the unknot has crossings if . Unbounded hardness conjecture. For every integer , there exists a diagram of the unknot with crossings such that every sequence of Reidemeister moves from to passes through a diagram with at least crossings. Equivalently, the number of extra crossings required to untangle unknot diagrams is unbounded. The conjecture is folklore; the context notes that the hardest previously known examples had only been verified to require at least three extra crossings.
Sources & referencesView supporting material
Primary source
Corentin Lunel, Arnaud de Mesmay and Jonathan Spreer, “Hard diagrams of split links”, arXiv:2412.03372 (2026).
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