Spherical cap conjecture for compact CMC surfaces bounded by a circle

Let Σ\Sigma be a compact surface in R3\mathbb{R}^3 with non-empty circular boundary and nonzero constant mean curvature. Spherical cap conjecture. If either (i) Σ\Sigma has genus zero and is immersed, or (ii) Σ\Sigma is embedded, then Σ\Sigma is a spherical cap. The genus-zero immersed case and the embedded case extend classical uniqueness results for closed constant-mean-curvature surfaces; the claim remains open for compact surfaces with boundary, although immersed examples of nonzero genus are known.

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Primary source

Flávio França Cruz and Barbara Nelli, “An extension of Liebmann's Theorem to hypersurfaces with boundary”, arXiv:2412.03368 (2025).

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