The asymptotic unimodality conjecture for Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials

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For each nn, let unin\mathrm{uni}_{n} be the proportion of distinct first-row Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials for Sn\mathrm{S}_{n} that are unimodal, and let uninmult\mathrm{uni}_{n}^{mult} be the corresponding proportion in the multiset of polynomials indexed by Sn\mathrm{S}_{n}. Asymptotic unimodality conjecture. Almost all Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials are unimodal:

lim⁡n→∞unin=lim⁡n→∞uninmult=1.\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathrm{uni}_{n}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathrm{uni}_{n}^{mult}=1.

The conjecture is motivated by computations and contrasts with the rapidly vanishing proportions of bimodal and trimodal examples observed in the data.

References

Primary source

Abel Lacabanne, Daniel Tubbenhauer and Pedro Vaz, “Big data approach to Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials”, arXiv:2412.01283 (2026).

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