Eventual universality for four signed pentagonal forms

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Let N\mathbb N denote the nonnegative integers and define

N(1)=114862,N(−1)=166897,N(3)=196987,N(−3)=273118.N(1)=114862,\qquad N(-1)=166897,\qquad N(3)=196987,\qquad N(-3)=273118.

Signed pentagonal universality conjecture. For each r∈{±1,±3}r\in\{\pm1,\pm3\}, every integer n>N(r)n>N(r) can be written as

n=x(5x+r)2+y(5y+r)2+z(5z+r)2n=\frac{x(5x+r)}2+\frac{y(5y+r)}2+\frac{z(5z+r)}2

with x,y,z∈Nx,y,z\in\mathbb N.

The conjecture gives explicit bounds for eventual universality for four ternary sums, one for each allowed linear coefficient rr. No resolution is given in the source.

References

Primary source

Zhi-Wei Sun, “New results similar to Lagrange's four-square theorem”, arXiv:2411.14308 (2024).

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