Exceptional sets for four ternary quadratic forms

Let N\mathbb N denote the nonnegative integers and let x,y,zZx,y,z\in\mathbb Z. Exceptional-set conjecture. The following representation sets are exactly:

{x(5x+1)2+y(5y+1)2+z(5z+1)2:x,y,zZ}=N{1,10,19,94},\left\{\frac{x(5x+1)}2+\frac{y(5y+1)}2+\frac{z(5z+1)}2:x,y,z\in\mathbb Z\right\}=\mathbb N\setminus\{1,10,19,94\}, {x(5x+1)+y(5y+1)2+3z(5z+1)2:x,y,zZ}=N{1,5,32},\left\{x(5x+1)+\frac{y(5y+1)}2+\frac{3z(5z+1)}2:x,y,z\in\mathbb Z\right\}=\mathbb N\setminus\{1,5,32\}, {x(5x+1)+2y(5y+1)+z(5z+1)2:x,y,zZ}=N{1,5,70},\left\{x(5x+1)+2y(5y+1)+\frac{z(5z+1)}2:x,y,z\in\mathbb Z\right\}=\mathbb N\setminus\{1,5,70\}, {x(5x+1)+y(5y+1)2+5z(5z+1)2:x,y,zZ}=N{1,5}.\left\{x(5x+1)+\frac{y(5y+1)}2+\frac{5z(5z+1)}2:x,y,z\in\mathbb Z\right\}=\mathbb N\setminus\{1,5\}.

These claims give precise finite exceptional sets for four ternary quadratic representations. They are posed as conjectures after related corollaries, and the source supplies no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Zhi-Wei Sun, “New results similar to Lagrange's four-square theorem”, arXiv:2411.14308 (2024).

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