The ordered-chaotic-mixed classification conjecture for invariant one-dimensional sets
Let be a smooth vector field on with fixed points , and let be a one-dimensional flow-invariant set such that each component of satisfies one of the stated alternatives: is homeomorphic to , is homeomorphic to , or every fixed point lies in the closure of some such component. For a periodic orbit of , write for its Orbit Index. Ordered-chaotic-mixed classification conjecture. Under these assumptions, can be deformed relative to to a smooth vector field satisfying precisely one of the following: is ordered, generating finitely many attracting or repelling periodic orbits with and equal to ; is chaotic, generating infinitely many periodic orbits, all with Orbit Indices or , persisting under deformations relative to without changing knot type or collapsing together, so that is infinite; or is mixed, with an invariant surface satisfying such that the flow on every component of is ordered or chaotic. This conjecture proposes a Thurston–Nielsen-type classification of the dynamics obtainable after deformation relative to the invariant set; the source provides examples of finite and infinite essential classes but no proof of the classification.
References
Primary source
Eran Igra, “Essential dynamics in chaotic attractors”, arXiv:2411.08571 (2025).
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