Rationality conjecture for extreme ×(2,3)-circular Carathéodory functions

Let D\mathbb{D} be the unit disk, and let Cara(D;2,3)\operatorname{Cara}(\mathbb{D};2,3) be the set of holomorphic functions ψ:DC\psi:\mathbb{D}\to\mathbb{C} with Re(ψ(z))>0\operatorname{Re}(\psi(z))>0, ψ(0)=1\psi(0)=1, and ψ(zn)=1nk=0n1ψ(e2πik/nz)\psi(z^n)=\frac1n\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\psi(e^{2\pi i k/n}z) for n=2,3n=2,3. Call such a function extreme if it is an extreme point of this convex set. Rationality conjecture. Every extreme element of Cara(D;2,3)\operatorname{Cara}(\mathbb{D};2,3) is rational. The source presents this as one of three complex-analytic formulations equivalent to the ergodic-theoretic conjectures; it gives no evidence of resolution.

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Primary source

Peter Burton and Jane Panangaden, “Formulations of Furstenberg's 2 3 conjecture in complex analysis and operator algebras”, arXiv:2410.22701 (2024).

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