The image conjecture for the Dehn–Nielsen–Baer map of a graph-like surface

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Let SS be an infinite-type surface with compact boundary, properly homotopy equivalent to a locally finite infinite graph \G\G, and let Θ\Theta be the induced homomorphism from Map⁡(S)\operatorname{Map}(S) to Map⁡(\G)\operatorname{Map}(\G). Fix a proper homotopy equivalence ϕ:S→\G\phi:S\to\G. Let B\mathcal{B} be the set of properly immersed oriented curves S1→\GS^1\to\G and immersed oriented lines R→\G\mathbb{R}\to\G that are images under ϕ\phi of the components of ∂S\partial S. Denote by Map⁡(\G,B)<Map⁡(\G)\operatorname{Map}(\G,\mathcal{B})<\operatorname{Map}(\G) the subgroup of mapping classes that fix each line or curve in B\mathcal{B}, together with its orientation, up to homotopy. Image conjecture. The image of Θ\Theta is

Map⁡(\G,B).\operatorname{Map}(\G,\mathcal{B}).

This conjecture gives a geometric characterization of the image of the Dehn–Nielsen–Baer homomorphism in terms of the properly immersed curves and lines arising from the boundary of SS.

References

Primary source

Ryan Dickmann, Hannah Hoganson and Sanghoon Kwak, “Surfaces proper homotopy equivalent to graphs and their Dehn-Nielsen-Baer maps”, arXiv:2410.20877 (2026).

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