Sum-freeness conjecture for the multiplicative inverse function

From papers

Let nn be an odd integer with n7n\ge 7, and let finv:F2nF2nf_{\text{inv}}:\mathbb F_{2^n}\to\mathbb F_{2^n} be defined by

finv(x)=x1(x0),finv(0)=0.f_{\text{inv}}(x)=x^{-1}\quad(x\ne 0),\qquad f_{\text{inv}}(0)=0.

For n2n\ge 2, define

Kn=1kn1:finv is not kth order sum-free on F2n.\mathcal K_n=\\{1\le k\le n-1: f_{\text{inv}}\text{ is not }k\text{th order sum-free on }\mathbb F_{2^n}\\}.

Sum-freeness conjecture. For odd n7n\ge 7,

Kn=3,4,,n3.\mathcal K_n=\\{3,4,\dots,n-3\\}.

Equivalently, for every integer kk with 3kn33\le k\le n-3, the multiplicative inverse function is not kkth order sum-free. The claim is known for even nn, while it remains open for odd nn.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alyssa Ebeling, Xiang-dong Hou, Ashley Rydell and Shujun Zhao, “On Sum-Free Functions”, arXiv:2410.10426 (2025).

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