Existence conjecture for polynomial flows with prescribed heteroclinic regions

From papers

Consider the holomorphic flow

x˙=F(x),\dot{x}=F(x),

where FF is a complex polynomial, an equilibrium is a zero of FF, and an equilibrium has order mm when it is a zero of multiplicity mm. A heteroclinic region is a strip region whose boundary contains orbits connecting distinct equilibria. For all n,mNn,m\in\mathbb{N}, there should exist a complex polynomial Fn,mF_{n,m} of degree n+mn+m such that the flow has an equilibrium aa of order mm and nn foci or nodes a1,,ana_1,\ldots,a_n satisfying the following properties: either all equilibria a1,,ana_1,\ldots,a_n are stable or all are unstable; for every j{1,,n}j\in\{1,\ldots,n\}, there is a heteroclinic region between aa and aja_j; and all heteroclinic orbits tend to aa in the same definite direction.

Existence conjecture for polynomial flows with prescribed heteroclinic regions. For all n,mNn,m\in\mathbb{N}, there exists a complex polynomial Fn,mF_{n,m} of degree n+mn+m such that the associated flow has an equilibrium aa of order mm and nn foci or nodes a1,,ana_1,\ldots,a_n with properties (i)--(iii) above.

The conjecture asks for examples realizing arbitrarily many heteroclinic regions between one multiple equilibrium and foci or nodes while controlling their stability and the common direction in which heteroclinic orbits approach the multiple equilibrium. The source states that a general example is still lacking, so the conjecture remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Nicolas Kainz and Dirk Lebiedz, “Basins of Equilibria and geometry of Global Sectors in Holomorphic Flows”, arXiv:2410.04895 (2025).

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