Conjecture on approximate joint eigenstates from the Clifford linear pseudospectrum

Let A=(A1,,Ad)\bm{A}=(A_1,\ldots,A_d) be a tuple of Hermitian operators, let BB be a non-Hermitian matrix, and let ΛˉϵC(A,B)\bar{\Lambda}_{\epsilon}^{\mathrm{C}}(\bm{A},B) denote the Clifford linear ϵ\epsilon-pseudospectrum. Let (λ,ν)(\bm{\lambda},\nu) be a probe site in this pseudospectrum, with λ=(x1,,xd)\bm{\lambda}=(x_1,\ldots,x_d) and ν=E\nu=E. A unit state is a vector ψ\bm{\psi} with ψ=1\lVert\bm{\psi}\rVert=1.

Approximate joint-eigenstate conjecture. If (λ,ν)ΛˉϵC(A,B)(\bm{\lambda},\nu)\in\bar{\Lambda}_{\epsilon}^{\mathrm{C}}(\bm{A},B), then there is a unit state ψ\bm{\psi} such that

Xiψxiψ,HψEψ.X_i\bm{\psi}\approx x_i\bm{\psi},\qquad H\bm{\psi}\approx E\bm{\psi}.

This conjecture proposes an approximate common eigenstate interpretation for points in the Clifford linear pseudospectrum. The source notes that the analogous result and proof are not clear; the notation XiX_i, HH, xix_i, and EE is not defined in the supplied context, so the precise intended identification with AiA_i, BB, λi\lambda_i, and ν\nu should be checked.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jose J. Garcia, “Clifford and quadratic composite operators with applications to non-Hermitian physics”, arXiv:2410.03880 (2025).

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