Conjecture on irreducible components of varieties with symmetric compound matrices

Let NN be the matrix-size parameter, let [N+1]={1,,N+1}[N+1]=\{1,\ldots,N+1\}, and let S=S2CN+1S=S^2\mathbb{C}^{N+1} be the subspace of symmetric (N+1)×(N+1)(N+1)\times(N+1) matrices. For r[N+1]r\in[N+1], define

SCr={BC(N+1)×(N+1)Cr(B) is symmetric},\mathcal{SC}_r=\{B\in\mathbb{C}^{(N+1)\times(N+1)}\mid C_r(B)\text{ is symmetric}\},

where Cr(B)C_r(B) is the rrth compound matrix of BB, and write (Xj)Sj(X_j)_{S_j}^\vee for the relative dual variety introduced earlier. Let A=2CN+1A=\bigwedge^2\mathbb{C}^{N+1} denote the space of skew-symmetric matrices. Irreducible-component conjecture. For every r[N+1]r\in[N+1]: (i) SC1=S=S2CN+1\mathcal{SC}_1=S=S^2\mathbb{C}^{N+1} is an irreducible component of SCr\mathcal{SC}_r; (ii) (Xnr)Snr(X_{n-r})_{S_{n-r}}^\vee is an irreducible component of SCr\mathcal{SC}_r for every 2rN+12\le r\le N+1; and (iii) A=2CN+1A=\bigwedge^2\mathbb{C}^{N+1} is an irreducible component of SCr\mathcal{SC}_r for all N3N\ge 3 and even r[N]r\in[N]. The conjecture is motivated by symbolic computations for N=2N=2 and N=3N=3, which exhibit several of these components, while the preceding example also shows that the varieties SCi\mathcal{SC}_i need not be nested. Determining all irreducible components in general remains open.

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Primary source

Vahid Shahverdi, Giovanni Luca Marchetti and Kathlén Kohn, “On the Geometry and Optimization of Polynomial Convolutional Networks”, arXiv:2410.00722 (2026).

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