The prime-component counting conjecture for Apollonian packings

From papers

Let Pfull{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}} be a primitive integral Apollonian packing, and let CPfull(X)C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}}}(X) be the number of circles of curvature at most XX. Let NPfullroot(X)N^{\operatorname{root}}_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}}}(X) count prime component roots (a,b,c,p)(a,b,c,p) with a,b,cpXa,b,c\leq p\leq X and pp prime. By the paper's uniqueness result, this also counts prime components. Define

c=p prime\p1(4)p2p21p prime\p3(4)p2p2+1=0.9159,c=\prod_{\substack{p\ \text{prime}\p\equiv1\,(4)}}\frac{p^2}{p^2-1}\prod_{\substack{p\ \text{prime}\p\equiv3\,(4)}}\frac{p^2}{p^2+1}=0.9159\ldots,

and let cc” be a constant between 00 and 22. Prime-component counting conjecture.

NPfullroot(X)cCPfull(X)logXcCPfull(X)(logX)2cCPfull(X)logX.N^{\operatorname{root}}_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}}}(X)\sim c\frac{C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}}}(X)}{\log X}-c”\frac{C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}}}(X)}{(\log X)^2}\sim c\frac{C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}}}(X)}{\log X}.

The paper proves an upper bound of the order CPfull(X)/logXC_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{full}}}}(X)/\log X and gives a heuristic justification for this asymptotic.

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Primary source

Holley Friedlander, Elena Fuchs, Piper Harris, Catherine Hsu, James Rickards, Katherine Sanden, Damaris Schindler and Katherine E. Stange, “Prime and thickened prime components in Apollonian circle packings”, arXiv:2410.00177 (2025).

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