The growth conjecture for prime and thickened prime components

From papers

Let CPpr(X)C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{pr}}}}(X) be the number of circles of curvature at most XX in a prime component Ppr{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{pr}}}, and let CPth(X)C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{th}}}}(X) be the corresponding quantity for a thickened prime component Pth{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{th}}}. Let π(X)\pi(X) denote the prime-counting function. Growth conjecture for prime and thickened prime components. For every prime component and thickened prime component,

limXCPpr(X)π(X)=,\lim_{X\rightarrow\infty}\frac{C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{pr}}}}(X)}{\pi(X)}=\infty,

and

limXCPth(X)X=.\lim_{X\rightarrow\infty}\frac{C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{th}}}}(X)}{X}=\infty.

The conjecture is based on experimental data; the paper proves only a lower bound for prime components and discusses estimates for the exact growth rates.

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Primary source

Holley Friedlander, Elena Fuchs, Piper Harris, Catherine Hsu, James Rickards, Katherine Sanden, Damaris Schindler and Katherine E. Stange, “Prime and thickened prime components in Apollonian circle packings”, arXiv:2410.00177 (2025).

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