The growth conjecture for prime and thickened prime components

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Let CPpr⁡(X)C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{pr}}}}(X) be the number of circles of curvature at most XX in a prime component Ppr⁡{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{pr}}}, and let CPth⁡(X)C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{th}}}}(X) be the corresponding quantity for a thickened prime component Pth⁡{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{th}}}. Let π(X)\pi(X) denote the prime-counting function. Growth conjecture for prime and thickened prime components. For every prime component and thickened prime component,

lim⁡X→∞CPpr⁡(X)π(X)=∞,\lim_{X\rightarrow\infty}\frac{C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{pr}}}}(X)}{\pi(X)}=\infty,

and

lim⁡X→∞CPth⁡(X)X=∞.\lim_{X\rightarrow\infty}\frac{C_{{\mathcal{P}^{\operatorname{th}}}}(X)}{X}=\infty.

The conjecture is based on experimental data; the paper proves only a lower bound for prime components and discusses estimates for the exact growth rates.

References

Primary source

Holley Friedlander, Elena Fuchs, Piper Harris, Catherine Hsu, James Rickards, Katherine Sanden, Damaris Schindler and Katherine E. Stange, “Prime and thickened prime components in Apollonian circle packings”, arXiv:2410.00177 (2025).

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