Conjecture on the real-rootedness and strong log-concavity of the Birkhoff-polytope h-star polynomial

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Let hn(t)h_n(t) be the Ehrhart polynomial associated with the nn-th Birkhoff polytope, and define

N=⌊(n−1)24⌋,N^=⌊(n−2)22⌋.N=\left\lfloor\frac{(n-1)^2}{4}\right\rfloor,\qquad \hat N=\left\lfloor\frac{(n-2)^2}{2}\right\rfloor.

Define its normalized generating polynomial by

hn∗(y)=(1−y)(n−1)2+1∑t≥0hn(t)yt.h_n^*(y)=(1-y)^{(n-1)^2+1}\sum_{t\ge0}h_n(t)y^t.

The real-rootedness and log-concavity conjecture. One has

hn∗(y)=yN∑i=0N^aiyi,h_n^*(y)=y^N\sum_{i=0}^{\hat N}a_i y^i,

where the aia_i are positive integers; moreover, hn∗(y)h_n^*(y) is real-rooted, and (a0,a1,…,aN^)(a_0,a_1,\dots,a_{\hat N}) is palindromic, unimodal, and strongly log-concave. Here strong log-concavity means that, after setting bi=ai/(N^i)b_i=a_i/\binom{\hat N}{i}, one has bi2≥bi−1bi+1b_i^2\ge b_{i-1}b_{i+1} for 1≤i≤N^−11\le i\le\hat N-1. These properties are proposed as analogues of known structural properties of Ehrhart-series numerators; the source gives no resolution status.

References

Primary source

Guoce Xin and Chen Zhang, “A variation of the Morris constant term identity”, arXiv:2409.14356 (2024).

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