Critical-threshold conjecture for the zeros of partial sums

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Fix N>0N>0. The polynomial qN(x;t)q_N(x;t) is the NNth partial sum associated with the orthogonal-polynomial family in the paper.

Critical-threshold conjecture. There exists a threshold tcrit=tcrit(N)>0t_{\textrm{crit}}=t_{\textrm{crit}}(N)>0 such that x↦qN(x;t)x\mapsto q_N(x;t) has NN real simple zeros for t>tcritt>t_{\textrm{crit}}, while it has at least one pair of complex conjugate zeros for 0<t<tcrit0<t<t_{\textrm{crit}}.

The preceding results establish the real simplicity of the zeros for sufficiently large tt, while the discussion of the limit t→0t\to0 shows that the zeros escape to infinity; the conjecture asserts a single positive threshold separating these two regimes. The supplied text gives no resolution of this threshold claim.

References

Primary source

Erik Koelink, Pablo Román and Wadim Zudilin, “A partial-sum deformation for a family of orthogonal polynomials”, arXiv:2409.00261 (2025).

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