Restricted van der Waerden theorem for nilprogressions

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For k≥2k\geq 2, let ∑<k\sum_{<k} be the collection of words in ∗1,…,∗d*_1,\ldots,*_d in which each letter occurs at most k−1k-1 times. For elements a,x1,…,xda,x_1,\ldots,x_d of an ss-step nilpotent group GG, a nilprogression of step ss, length kk and rank dd is

A={w(x1,…,xd)a:w∈∑<k+1}.A=\left\{w(x_1,\ldots,x_d)a:w\in\sum_{<k+1}\right\}.

It is non-degenerated when ∣A∣=∣∑<k+1∣|A|=|\sum_{<k+1}|. A set is monochromatic for a finite partition when it is contained in one class. Restricted van der Waerden theorem for nilprogressions. For every k≥1k\geq 1 and d≥2d\geq 2, there exists a kk-step nilpotent group (G,⋅)(G,\cdot) with dd generators and a set V⊂GV\subset G such that VV contains no non-degenerated nilprogression of step kk, length k+1k+1 and rank dd, but every finite partition of VV has a class containing a non-degenerated nilprogression of step kk, length kk and rank dd. This is a nilpotent-group analogue of the restricted van der Waerden theorem, extending the question from arithmetic progressions to nilprogressions. The source attributes the conjecture to Johnson Jr. and Richter; no resolution is supplied in the given material.

References

Primary source

Sayan Goswami, “Restricted van der Waerden theorem for nilprogressions”, arXiv:2408.13974 (2024).

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